The Journal of Manual and Physiologic Therapeutics (JMPT) has published a study showing that the medical costs for the treatment of back pain, when the initial contact for the complaint was a chiropractor, was 40% lower thatn the costs for standard medical care for the same diagnosis. The study examined over 85,000 individuals with back pain over a 2 year period that were insured by Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Tennessee. This study joins a growing body of evidence supporting the cost effectiveness of chiropractic care in an era of runaway health care costs. It also represents the treatment effectiveness of chiropractic technique, which often allows a patient to avoid prescription drugs and surgery.